Timeline of particle discoveries

This is a timeline of subatomic particle discoveries, including all particles thus far discovered which appear to be elementary (that is, indivisible) given the best available evidence. It also includes the discovery of composite particles and antiparticles that were of particular historical importance.

More specifically, the inclusion criteria are:

Note that there have been many other composite particles discovered; see list of mesons and list of baryons. See List of particles for a more general list of particles, including hypothetical particles.

References

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  2. ^ The ozone layer protects humans from this. Lyman, T. (1914). "Victor Schumann". Astrophysical Journal 38: 1–4. Bibcode 1914ApJ....39....1L. doi:10.1086/142050. 
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  5. ^ E. Rutherford (1899). "Uranium Radiation and the Electrical Conduction Produced by it". Philosophical Magazine 47: 109. 
  6. ^ P. Villard (1900). "Sur la Réflexion et la Réfraction des Rayons Cathodiques et des Rayons Déviables du Radium". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences 130: 1010. 
  7. ^ E. Rutherford (1911). "The Scattering of α- and β- Particles by Matter and the Structure of the Atom". Philosophical Magazine 21: 669. 
  8. ^ E. Rutherford (1919). "Collision of α Particles with Light Atoms IV. An Anomalous Effect in Nitrogen". Philosophical Magazine 37: 581. 
  9. ^ J. Chadwick (1932). "Possible Existence of a Neutron". Nature 129 (3252): 312. Bibcode 1932Natur.129Q.312C. doi:10.1038/129312a0. 
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  13. ^ M. Conversi, E. Pancini, O. Piccioni (1947). "On the Disintegration of Negative Muons". Physical Review 71 (3): 209. Bibcode 1947PhRv...71..209C. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.71.209. 
  14. ^ C.D. Anderson (1935). "On the Interaction of Elementary Particles". Proceedings of the Physico-Mathematical Society of Japan 17: 48. 
  15. ^ G.D. Rochester, C.C. Butler (1947). "Evidence for the Existence of New Unstable Elementary Particles". Nature 160 (4077): 855. Bibcode 1947Natur.160..855R. doi:10.1038/160855a0. 
  16. ^ The Strange Quark
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  18. ^ F. Reines, C.L. Cowan (1956). "The Neutrino". Nature 178 (4531): 446. Bibcode 1956Natur.178..446R. doi:10.1038/178446a0. 
  19. ^ G. Danby 'et al. (1962). "Observation of High-Energy Neutrino Reactions and the Existence of Two Kinds of Neutrinos". Physical Review Letters 9 (1): 36. Bibcode 1962PhRvL...9...36D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.9.36. 
  20. ^ R. Nave. "The Xi Baryon". Hyperphysics. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/xi.html. Retrieved 20 June 2009. 
  21. ^ E.D. Bloom et al. (1969). "High-Energy Inelastic ep Scattering at 6° and 10°". Physical Review Letters 23 (16): 930. Bibcode 1969PhRvL..23..930B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.23.930. 
  22. ^ M. Breidenbach et al. (1969). "Observed Behavior of Highly Inelastic Electron-Proton Scattering". Physical Review Letters 23 (16): 935. Bibcode 1969PhRvL..23..935B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.23.935. 
  23. ^ J.J. Aubert et al. (1974). "Experimental Observation of a Heavy Particle J". Physical Review Letters 33 (23): 1404. Bibcode 1974PhRvL..33.1404A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1404. 
  24. ^ J.-E. Augustin et al. (1974). "Discovery of a Narrow Resonance in e+e Annihilation". Physical Review Letters 33 (23): 1406. Bibcode 1974PhRvL..33.1406A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1406. 
  25. ^ B.J. Bjørken, S.L. Glashow (1964). "Elementary Particles and SU(4)". Physics Letters 11 (3): 255. Bibcode 1964PhL....11..255B. doi:10.1016/0031-9163(64)90433-0. 
  26. ^ M.L. Perl et al. (1975). "Evidence for Anomalous Lepton Production in e+e Annihilation". Physical Review Letters 35 (22): 1489. Bibcode 1975PhRvL..35.1489P. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.35.1489. 
  27. ^ S.W. Herb et al. (1977). "Observation of a Dimuon Resonance at 9.5 GeV in 400-GeV Proton-Nucleus Collisions". Physical Review Letters 39 (5): 252. Bibcode 1977PhRvL..39..252H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.252. 
  28. ^ D.P. Barber et al. (1979). "Discovery of Three-Jet Events and a Test of Quantum Chromodynamics at PETRA". Physical Review Letters 43 (12): 830. Bibcode 1979PhRvL..43..830B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.43.830. 
  29. ^ J.J. Aubert et al. (European Muon Collaboration) (1983). "The ratio of the nucleon structure functions F2N for iron and deuterium". Physics Letters B 123 (3–4): 275. Bibcode 1983PhLB..123..275A. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(83)90437-9. 
  30. ^ G. Arnison et al. (UA1 collaboration) (1983). "Experimental observation of lepton pairs of invariant mass around 95 GeV/c2 at the CERN SPS collider". Physics Letters B 126 (5): 398. Bibcode 1983PhLB..126..398A. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(83)90188-0. 
  31. ^ F. Abe et al. (CDF collaboration) (1995). "Observation of Top quark production in p–p Collisions with the Collider Detector at Fermilab". Physical Review Letters 74 (14): 2626–2631. arXiv:hep-ex/9503002. Bibcode 1995PhRvL..74.2626A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2626. PMID 10057978. 
  32. ^ S. Arabuchi et al. (D0 collaboration) (1995). "Observation of the Top Quark". Physical Review Letters 74 (14): 2632–2637. arXiv:hep-ex/9503003. Bibcode 1995PhRvL..74.2632A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2632. PMID 10057979. 
  33. ^ G. Baur et al. (1996). "Production of Antihydrogen". Physics Letters B 368 (3): 251–258. Bibcode 1996PhLB..368..251B. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(96)00005-6. 
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